A much studied theoretical idealization is (infinite) periodic driving, which can be addressed by Floquet theory. Such excitations can be realized in experiments, e.g., by ultrashort laser pulses in so-called pump-probe setups 16, 17, 18, 19, or by continuous periodic driving of the systems, e.g., by shaking ultracold atom systems on optical lattices 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. An important pathway is to induce excitations whose interplay with the electronic interactions can lead to intriguing transient behavior. This opens up the possibility to create behavior that is not even possible in equilibrium setups. Nowadays, experimental techniques allow to actively “engineer” properties of many-body quantum systems in such out-of-equilibrium systems in a highly controlled way 13, 14, 15. These are typically created from a highly complex interplay of band structure, (electronic) interactions, and excitations by a light-field. Our findings connect the phenomenology of a periodically driven strongly correlated system and its quench dynamics to the finite-temperature dynamical response of quantum-magnetic materials and will be insightful for future investigations of strongly correlated materials in pump-probe setups.Ī central driving force of modern condensed matter physics is the realization of novel phases of matter out-of equilibrium like transient superconductivity 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or excitonic insulators in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. In contrast, it appears in the interacting system also in equilibrium at intermediate temperatures and in the short-time evolution of the system after a quantum quench to the lowest-order high-frequency effective Floquet Hamiltonian. We do not obtain the in-gap band when driving a non-interacting charge density wave model. We associate this feature to the so-called Villain mode in quantum-magnetic materials, which originates in moving domain walls induced by the interaction. Here we show using numerically exact methods that in a driven strongly interacting charge-density-wave insulator a band-like resonance in the gap region is formed. Modern time-resolved spectroscopy experiments on quantum materials raise the question, how strong electron-electron interactions, in combination with periodic driving, form unconventional transient states.
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